The zeroth component of the Einstein’s equations for gravity with the metric of the expending universe is called the Friedman equation. We use this differential equation to calculate the behavior of the expending space. The equation includes two unknown … Continue reading
The expansion rate of the universe is governed by three major factors: its matter density, the curvature of the three-dimensional space and the density of invisible energy called dark energy of unknown nature. With the expansion, the density of … Continue reading
On the presence of energy that is not related to the matter around The existence of so-called dark energy not only follows from cosmological observations, but also arises theoretically. This could appear to be the energy of some quantum field … Continue reading
Ignoring the overall expansion of the universe Data of observations suggest that known types of a matter make up only about five percent in the universe. Another 20% of the mass of the universe, which are concentrated in galaxies and … Continue reading
Here and there the matter is present in the surrounding emptiness… In space, there are observed free elementary particles, clouds of strongly ionized hydrogen in the intergalactic space, and stars in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. There ale also unusual … Continue reading
On the continuous movement of elementary particle fields in the universe When the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field has been extended to describe the strong and weak interactions, the fields of particles not yet known at that time were … Continue reading
On the formation of particles from the quantum field condensate Space observations of recent decades led scientists to the conclusion about the existence of dark matter and dark energy, the nature of which is not clear. Theoretical physics gives an … Continue reading