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Answers in fundamental physics

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What is unusual about the space of the universe?

Posted on August 27, 2014 by admin
A hypothetical space-time tunnel -- a wormhole

Trying to cross the vast expanses of the universe According to opinion of some scientists, distortions of space-time can arise in the universe, which have a sense of space-time tunnels — shortcuts for long-distance spatial travels. Moving by a different … Continue reading →

What unifies the fundamental interactions of elementary particles?

Posted on August 27, 2014 by admin
Great Unification of the three fundamental interactions of elementary particles

Running coupling of particles when they approach close to each other The strong, electromagnetic and weak interaction are probably just different sides of a common interaction that manifests itself at very high temperatures. The intensity of the interactions is controlled … Continue reading →

How has the idea of the existence of extra space dimensions ingrained?

Posted on August 27, 2014 by admin
Extra dimensions of the space-time are not visible

Moving along the familiar four dimensions of the multidimensional universe… Back in the 20s of the last century, the mathematician Theodor Kaluza and the physicist Oskar Klein noticed that adding another dimension to our four-dimensional space-time makes it possible to … Continue reading →

Whether there is the use of unsuccessful experiments?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Neutrinos are produced in the atmosphere and are registered in detectors

You never know where you find neutrinos and where you lose In the seventies, experiments were carried out to study the weak interaction in the CERN Big European Bubble Chamber (BEBC). The results of measurement of the interaction parameter, called … Continue reading →

How did they register rare events previously?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
On the photographs from a bubble chamber paths of elementary particles are visible

Looking through thousands of photos using own eyes, no computers By the end of 1972, in the bubble chamber experiment Gargamelle, for the first time it was recorded an event of interaction of a muon neutrino with an electron, in … Continue reading →

How was the natural radioactivity of minerals discovered?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Minerals' fluorescence is a result of the transition of an electron in an atom to a lower shell

On the particles flying out of radioactive minerals time to time In 1895, a study of cathode rays led Wilhelm Roentgen to the discovery of X-radiation called by his name later on. At a meeting of the Parisian Academy, Henri … Continue reading →

How was the idea of the existence of antiparticles born?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
The positron is the antiparticle of the electron

Following the predictions of his own theoretical formulae The Dirac equation for electrons has a solution not only with positive but also with negative energy. There were attempts to interpret the latter as protons, but those had been quickly discarded … Continue reading →

Why did they use to say “we are in aether”?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Hypothetical aether found its place in the World Wide Web -- the Internet

On the difference of radio waves from the sound vibrations in the air Light and sound — that is what from time immemorial people imagined like something flying or self-spreading. Following the ancient scholars, in the Renaissance they believed that … Continue reading →

How did they imagine atoms 100 years ago?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Electrons in an atom were thought to be like raisins in a pudding

On electron orbiting far from the nucleus of an atom The foundation of modern physics of elementary particles was actually laid by Ernest Rutherford, who was one of the disciples of J.J. Thomson. By 1911, on the basis of experiments … Continue reading →

Who has guessed the first that light propagates in portions?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
The electrons are knocked out of the electron shells of atoms with photons

On the emission of quanta of light waves — photons In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed a far-reaching generalization of Planck’s hypothesis of discrete radiation and successfully applied it to explain the properties of the photoelectric effect. Initially, these Einstein’s views … Continue reading →

Who was the first to speak about the relationship of mass and energy?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
The energy obtained from the rest mass of matter

About gradual separation from the usual concepts for the future In 1881, the founder of atomic physics J.J. Thomson noticed that the inertial mass of а charged particle should increase as it moves, and introduced the concept of electromagnetic mass … Continue reading →

How easy was the quantum mechanics caught?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Quantum mechanics has brought probability instead of the certainty

About elusive location of elementary particles After creating the Schrodinger formalism of wave mechanics, there were a problem of the physical interpretation of the theory, then the belief has been gradually formed that formalism gives just probability of finding a … Continue reading →

How did they imagine nuclei of atoms before the discovery of neutrons?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
The core is surrounded by the electron shell

About the close proximity of neutrons and protons After the discovery of protons, it has been suggested that they make up atomic nuclei. However, this assumption proved untenable, since the ratio of a nuclear charge to its mass does not … Continue reading →

How did the inequality of matter and antimatter become known?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Matter begins to annihilate with antimatter

About dull belief in the symmetry of interactions Almost immediately after the discovery of the left-right (mirror) symmetry breaking in the weak interactions, it has been also experimentally proven the violation of the charge symmetry, i.e., non-invariance under replacement of … Continue reading →

How have they guessed that the weak interaction distinguish left and right?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Violating the left-right symmetry in the weak interaction

How the understanding of asymmetry of the weak interaction was coming Following pions, in 1947 positively charged kaons were discovered, which decay into either two or three pions. These decays are relatively slow as occur due to the weak interaction. … Continue reading →

How did the search for particles which ain’t present in substances start?

Posted on August 25, 2014 by admin
Pions were considered to be a carrier of the strong interaction

How they hoped that pions are carriers of the strong interaction… For the first three decades of the XX century, the idea had been formed that interaction between electrically charged particles is due to the exchange of quanta of the … Continue reading →

How was science developing in the ancient world?

Posted on August 24, 2014 by admin
Ancient Greek scientists have begun physics

Going step by step, from ancient Greece to Europe via the east The Miletus school — Thales and his disciples Anaximander, Anaximenes — is considered to be the first at the beginning of the VI BC. It lasted for about … Continue reading →

How well does physics predict observations and discoveries?

Posted on August 24, 2014 by admin
Detection of carriers of the weak interaction was a triumph of elementary particle physics

On the stunning results of elementary particle physics and cosmology Modern knowledge of the microcosm and the cosmos is still far from perfect. For example, we can not describe in detail the strong interactions of elementary particles, or explain the … Continue reading →

How is the fundamental physics related to reality?

Posted on August 24, 2014 by admin
Photo of a shoulder, made by X-rays

Creating new technologies in the process of studying the universe In various fields of science, there are many examples where access to new technological levels occurred unintentionally, and began with the daily work and imagination of scientists. Exploration of new … Continue reading →

What impact has the particle physics on physical cosmology?

Posted on August 24, 2014 by admin
A blue star glows, emitting photons

Applying knowledge of the fundamental interactions to the universe At the beginning of the XX century, we were not aware of the existence of great number of galaxies yet, so the universe was identified with our galaxy, called the Milky … Continue reading →

What is the role of quantum field theory in physical cosmology?

Posted on August 24, 2014 by admin
Hypothetical object -- a ball of condensate of a quantum field

On the continuous movement of elementary particle fields in the universe When the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field has been extended to describe the strong and weak interactions, the fields of particles not yet known at that time were … Continue reading →

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