On one of the options of rest from work The longer you work, the more results you produce — this is a naive logic that is valid only at intervals of no more than a couple of days. Then the … Continue reading
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In anticipation of purchase of a modern powerful laptop What is more important: the number of CPU cores or their operating frequency — that is a great dilemma in choosing a new laptop. If you think fast and expect the … Continue reading
A probable reaction to a link that stands first in search engine results It happens that the first ten links that a search engine finds to our request form our idea of what information does exist on this subject and … Continue reading
Emotions of senior physicist, which are caused by his incompetence in software Modern physics, theoretical and experimental, increasingly relies on modeling and data processing using powerful computer systems. If your research supervisor does not understand things of this kind, it’s … Continue reading
Warning of a danger of losing mind… One can briefly state just facts, but not their relationship and relative importance. Therefore, the results of scientific research could not be reduced simply to tables and charts, and are usually expounded in … Continue reading
About love to the computer The personal computer has imposed a strong imprint on the views of young people on the physics and on methods of their work in science. Most of them do not remember themselves without a laptop. … Continue reading
About that the laws of the mathematics allow to a person Mathematics rests more on the flight of thought, and therefore was developed faster than physics that was nourished by man-made experiments that require a lot of time and money. … Continue reading
On the possibility of losses due to negligent treatment People carry out experiments constantly, each day and not only in the science, just curious to see what would happen if … And later, when there is time, they attempt to … Continue reading
About disorderly changing information in the memory It is known that man has short-term and long-term memories, just like there are RAM memory and the ‘disk’ installed in your machine. In the long-term memory, recollections can be stored for a … Continue reading
On some steadfastness If it is necessary to carry out several tasks, it is possible to make them either in parallel or the first one, then another. The former version is merrier — monotony lulls to sleep. However, the latter … Continue reading
About a secret Hand in hand with the new, there is routine in physics. Imagine if you obtained a task to carry out some work, but every day could not start — something does not give you to make the … Continue reading
On the capacity of one word… It’s well known that the English language is as important for physics as Latin for medicine. When you are writing a letter or an article in English, to accurately convey your thoughts to a … Continue reading
About a blizzard of unnecessary words… Here is an example of a scientific meeting held in our institute. First, the convener had said everyone should make a computer account at a new experiment, without saying why. The first report was … Continue reading
Experiences at fault All make mistakes sometimes, but actually nobody is bold enough to admit his fault even to himself. Fundamental physics, like any other science, is in the essence the road of trials and errors. There is often necessary … Continue reading
On sharp pricks When using simple measuring instruments such as a micrometer or ammeter, they hope for the accuracy of measurement, indicated on the tool, obtained as a result of its calibration. Detectors, used at the Large Hadron Collider, are … Continue reading
How electrons began to remain in orbits In the early hot universe, free electrons were being captured by protons, forming hydrogen atoms. The photons, emitted in this process called recombination, took away the difference between the summary mass of free … Continue reading
Increasing the visible size keeping the same amount of light emitted When we look at a distant source of light that spreads in all directions, we see only a portion of the photons emitted by it. As the distance from … Continue reading
About how the pressure of the Fermi gas restrains from compression There are the reactions of nuclear fusion in the core of a star — of the formation of more heavy atomic nuclei, which is accompanied by the release of … Continue reading
Conversion of the protons of star into neutrons with the emission of neutrinos So-called supernova explosion occurs as a result of gravitational collapse of a star, completing its life cycle, if its weight exceeds a few solar masses (the Chandrasekhar … Continue reading
On searches for antimatter in space… The observed domination of protons, neutrons and electrons over their antiparticles means that our universe has got the so called baryon quantum number. This is composed of baryon numbers of each of nucleons. It … Continue reading
Passage of dark matter particles through substances without interacting… The dark matter makes up more than 80% of the matter of the universe. This does not almost radiate electromagnetic waves and manifests itself basically by its gravitational interaction. It may … Continue reading
How the decay of particles overtook that of antiparticles… It is observed that the number of baryons in the universe (protons and neutrons) exceeds the number of antibaryons at least ten thousand times. Such an asymmetry could arise in the … Continue reading
Hesitating between continuing the expansion and the transition to contraction The curvature of space of the universe is one of the factors that determine the law of its expansion. Data of observations do not contradict the fact that three-dimensional space … Continue reading
On changes in the rate of expansion of space In the first moments after the Big Bang, stretching the space of the universe occurred maximally rapidly, and the distance between the points grew from those microscopic to, possibly, exceeding the … Continue reading
The expansion rate of the universe is governed by three major factors: its matter density, the curvature of the three-dimensional space and the density of invisible energy called dark energy of unknown nature. With the expansion, the density of … Continue reading
Going on a long winding path Since men can visualize two-dimensional surfaces in three-dimensional space, they use them to illustrate the topology of spaces of higher dimension. Deviations from the simplest topology are called the distortions of space. The sheet, … Continue reading
Moving along the spaces that are slightly not flat… At the beginning of the XIX century, it became clear that, in addition to the usual-for-eyes Euclidean space, there may be spaces with other fundamental properties. First, Lobachevsky has studied hyperbolic … Continue reading
On the steady increase in all distances… After the Big Bang which occurred about fourteen billion years ago, space is expanding. It is possible to visually imagine the expansion looking as a figure drawn on the surface of a balloon … Continue reading
Returning to the very distant past If we mentally turn the expansion of the universe backwards, it proves that distances between all of the observed objects were zero about 14 billion years ago. The study of developing of some very-very … Continue reading
About how relict photons are flocking to us Electromagnetic radiation, called the Cosmic Microwave Background, comes to us from the universe from all directions. It brings the crucially important information about uniformity of the universe at the time of its … Continue reading
On the long road of light of some of the stars This question troubled scientists for centuries, and it even got the name of the Olbers’ paradox. We could not see all the stars in the firmament simply because we … Continue reading
First, the neutrino flux and explosion of a star, and then everything else Unusually bright events in the universe are the supernovae stars. They are the consequence of sharp gravitational compression of stars at the end of their evolution, and … Continue reading
Coming to us from causally disconnected regions in all directions The size of the horizon, or the causally connected region of the universe at the moment of the last interaction of relic photons, though stretched 1,100 times now, is only … Continue reading
How baryons won antibaryons having almost the same concentration The difference between the number of quarks and antiquarks, which entailed the excess of baryons then, was formed when the universe was younger than one nanosecond. At that time, the concentration … Continue reading
On the presence of energy that is not related to the matter around The existence of so-called dark energy not only follows from cosmological observations, but also arises theoretically. This could appear to be the energy of some quantum field … Continue reading
Changing the spectrum of light towards red as the distance from an observer There are astronomical observations showing that the rate of receding of galaxies from each other is approximately proportional to the distance between them. This law, named after … Continue reading
Ignoring the overall expansion of the universe Data of observations suggest that known types of a matter make up only about five percent in the universe. Another 20% of the mass of the universe, which are concentrated in galaxies and … Continue reading
Variations in the rate of expansion depending on the predominant type of energy The equation written by Alexander Friedman on the basis of Einstein’s theory of gravity predicts the expansion of the universe dependent on density of the energy filling … Continue reading
On the long way of the light from the past… We can observe distant galaxies and quasars, thus peering into the early universe. They are visible to us such as what they were when emitted the electromagnetic radiation that is … Continue reading
How it cooled down what couldn’t be hotter Immediately after the Big Bang, the universe was a hot and dense mixture of actively interacting quarks and leptons. In a second, their density and kinetic energy, i.e., their temperature dropped so … Continue reading
Here and there the matter is present in the surrounding emptiness… In space, there are observed free elementary particles, clouds of strongly ionized hydrogen in the intergalactic space, and stars in galaxies and clusters of galaxies. There ale also unusual … Continue reading
How leptons and quarks got mass and began to actively interact The Higgs boson is responsible for the masses of quarks, leptons and intermediate bosons involved in weak interactions of elementary particles — it was specifically introduced into the theory … Continue reading